Selling the pen vs buying the pen

Table of Contents

 

TL;DR.

This article explores the contrasting strategies of 'selling the pen' and 'buying the pen', focusing on how sales techniques can influence customer decisions. The active role of the salesperson in creating demand is highlighted, alongside the passive evaluation process of the buyer. Key aspects include understanding needs, assessing value, and considering long-term benefits. The article also discusses the decision-making process between bespoke and off-the-shelf solutions, weighing their respective advantages and disadvantages. Ultimately, it provides insights for businesses on making informed choices that align with their goals and operational needs.

Main Points.

  • Key takeaways:

    • Understanding buyer needs is essential for effective selling.

    • Buyers evaluate products based on perceived value and necessity.

  • Sales Strategies:

    • Salespeople should create demand by linking features to needs.

    • Empowering buyers enhances their decision-making process.

  • Buying Considerations:

    • Assessing value against price is crucial for buyers.

    • Long-term benefits should be weighed against initial costs.

  • Solution Evaluation:

    • Comparing bespoke and off-the-shelf solutions is vital.

    • Integration capabilities can affect operational efficiency.

Conclusion.

The article concludes that understanding the dynamics of selling and buying is crucial for businesses. By effectively addressing customer needs and evaluating solutions, companies can make informed decisions that not only meet immediate requirements but also support long-term growth and competitiveness.



Selling the pen, a sales strategy.

Understand the buyer’s needs through questioning.

To effectively sell a pen, the first step is to engage the buyer through targeted questioning. This approach allows the salesperson to uncover the specific needs and preferences of the buyer. Questions such as “What do you look for in a pen?” or “When was the last time you used a pen?” can provide valuable insights into the buyer’s requirements and pain points. By actively listening to the responses, the salesperson can tailor their pitch to align with the buyer's expectations.

Understanding the buyer’s needs is crucial, as it sets the foundation for the entire sales process. This method not only demonstrates the salesperson’s commitment to addressing the buyer’s concerns but also establishes a rapport that can lead to a more successful sale.

Create demand by linking pen features to needs.

Once the buyer’s needs are identified, the next step is to create demand by linking the pen’s features to those needs. For instance, if the buyer expresses a desire for a comfortable writing experience, the salesperson can highlight the pen’s ergonomic design and smooth ink flow. This connection between the product’s features and the buyer's requirements helps to build a compelling case for why the pen is the ideal solution.

Creating demand involves not just stating the features but also demonstrating how they directly address the buyer’s specific needs. By doing so, the salesperson effectively positions the pen as a must-have item, increasing the likelihood of a sale.

Demonstrate the pen’s value through practical examples.

Demonstrating the pen’s value through practical examples is a powerful sales technique. Instead of merely stating that the pen is high-quality, the salesperson can provide scenarios where the pen excels. For instance, they might describe how the pen performs flawlessly during important meetings or while signing significant documents.

By illustrating real-life applications of the pen, the salesperson helps the buyer envision themselves using the product, thereby reinforcing its value. This approach not only makes the pen more relatable but also enhances the buyer’s emotional connection to the product.

Make the buyer feel empowered in their decision-making.

Empowering the buyer in their decision-making process is essential for closing the sale. This can be achieved by providing them with all the necessary information and allowing them to weigh their options. The salesperson should encourage questions and address any concerns the buyer may have, fostering an environment where the buyer feels confident in their choices.

When buyers feel empowered, they are more likely to make a purchase. This sense of control can be further enhanced by presenting multiple options, such as different pen styles or colours, allowing the buyer to choose what resonates most with them.

Use storytelling to illustrate the pen’s benefits.

Storytelling is a compelling technique that can significantly enhance the sales pitch. By sharing anecdotes or testimonials about how the pen has positively impacted others, the salesperson can create a narrative that resonates with the buyer. For example, they might recount a story about a professional who landed a crucial deal after signing a contract with the pen.

These stories not only highlight the pen’s benefits but also evoke emotions, making the product more memorable. A well-told story can create a lasting impression, increasing the chances of the buyer associating positive outcomes with the pen.

Focus on building a relationship with the buyer.

Building a relationship with the buyer is a fundamental aspect of successful selling. This involves establishing trust and rapport, which can be achieved through genuine interactions and active listening. The salesperson should aim to understand the buyer's preferences and concerns, demonstrating that they value the buyer as an individual rather than just a transaction.

A strong relationship can lead to repeat business and referrals, as satisfied buyers are more likely to recommend the salesperson to others. By prioritising relationship-building, the salesperson creates a loyal customer base that can significantly benefit their sales efforts.

Tailor the sales approach based on buyer feedback.

Adapting the sales approach based on buyer feedback is crucial for maximising sales effectiveness. As the salesperson engages with the buyer, they should be attentive to verbal and non-verbal cues that indicate the buyer’s level of interest or concern. If the buyer seems hesitant about a particular feature, the salesperson can pivot their pitch to address that concern directly.

This flexibility not only demonstrates the salesperson’s responsiveness but also enhances the overall buying experience. By tailoring the approach to meet the buyer’s evolving needs, the salesperson increases the likelihood of closing the sale.

Close the sale by reinforcing the buyer’s choice.

Closing the sale involves reinforcing the buyer’s choice and ensuring they feel confident in their decision. The salesperson can summarise the key benefits of the pen and remind the buyer how it aligns with their needs. Phrases like, “You’ve mentioned how important comfort is for you, and this pen is designed specifically for that,” can help solidify the buyer’s confidence.

Additionally, offering a limited-time discount or bonus can create a sense of urgency, encouraging the buyer to make a decision promptly. By effectively closing the sale, the salesperson ensures that the buyer leaves feeling satisfied and valued.



Buying the pen, the customer’s perspective

Assess the pen’s value against its price.

When considering the purchase of a pen, the first step is to assess its value relative to its price. This involves evaluating the pen's features, quality, and brand reputation against the cost. A buyer must ask themselves whether the pen offers unique benefits that justify its price tag. For instance, a high-end pen may be more expensive due to its craftsmanship and materials, but if it enhances the writing experience significantly, it may be worth the investment.

Additionally, buyers should consider their budget and how much they are willing to spend on a pen. A well-made pen that lasts longer may save money in the long run compared to cheaper alternatives that need frequent replacement. Ultimately, the perceived value must align with the buyer's financial expectations.

Evaluate how the pen meets personal or business needs.

Next, buyers need to evaluate how the pen aligns with their personal or business needs. For personal use, factors such as comfort, design, and writing style play a significant role. A pen that feels good in hand and complements one’s personal style can enhance the writing experience.

For business purposes, the pen’s functionality becomes paramount. It should be reliable for signing important documents or taking notes during meetings. A pen that reflects professionalism can also enhance one’s image in a business setting. Therefore, understanding the specific needs is crucial in making an informed decision.

Consider the long-term benefits of purchasing the pen.

Long-term benefits are another critical aspect to consider. A high-quality pen may come with a higher initial cost but can provide durability and a better writing experience over time. This investment can lead to fewer replacements and a more enjoyable writing experience.

Moreover, some pens offer features such as refillable ink cartridges, which can reduce waste and save money in the long run. Buyers should weigh these long-term benefits against the initial cost to determine if the pen is a worthwhile investment.

Compare alternatives to determine the best option.

Comparing alternatives is essential in the decision-making process. Buyers should explore various brands and models, looking at factors such as price, quality, and features. Online reviews and comparisons can provide valuable insights into how different pens perform in real-world scenarios.

Additionally, considering the availability of alternatives can help buyers find the best option that meets their needs. For example, if a specific pen is too expensive, there may be similar models from other brands that offer comparable quality at a lower price.

Reflect on previous experiences with similar products.

Reflecting on past experiences with similar products can also inform the decision. If a buyer has previously used a particular brand and had a positive experience, they may be more inclined to choose that brand again. Conversely, if they had a negative experience, they might seek alternatives.

Buyers should consider factors such as the pen’s reliability, comfort, and overall satisfaction from previous purchases. This reflection can guide them toward making a more informed choice.

Analyse the seller’s credibility and product quality.

Evaluating the seller’s credibility is crucial in ensuring product quality. Buyers should research the brand’s reputation and read reviews from other customers. A reputable seller is more likely to provide a quality product and good customer service.

Additionally, understanding the warranty or return policy can provide peace of mind. If the pen does not meet expectations, a good return policy allows buyers to exchange or return the product without hassle.

Seek recommendations or reviews from trusted sources.

Seeking recommendations or reviews from trusted sources can significantly influence the buying decision. Friends, family, or colleagues who have experience with specific pens can provide valuable insights. Online forums and review sites can also offer a wealth of information about different products.

These recommendations can help buyers narrow down their options and choose a pen that has been positively reviewed by others, increasing the likelihood of satisfaction with their purchase.

Make a decision based on perceived value and necessity.

Finally, buyers must make a decision based on their perceived value of the pen and its necessity. If the pen meets their needs, aligns with their budget, and offers long-term benefits, it may be a worthwhile purchase.

Ultimately, the decision should reflect a balance between quality, functionality, and cost, ensuring that the buyer feels confident in their choice.



Choosing between buying and selling solutions.

Identify the complexity of your business needs.

Understanding the complexity of your business needs is the first step in deciding whether to buy or sell a solution. If your operations involve intricate workflows, unique customer interactions, or specific regulatory requirements, a bespoke solution may be necessary. Off-the-shelf products often cater to general needs and may not adequately address the nuances of your business.

For example, a healthcare provider might require software that complies with strict data privacy regulations, which generic solutions may not fulfil. Conversely, if your needs are straightforward and well-defined, off-the-shelf solutions could suffice, providing a quick and cost-effective way to meet your requirements.

Determine if a bespoke solution offers a competitive edge.

A bespoke solution can provide a significant competitive advantage by aligning perfectly with your business processes and customer expectations. Custom software can be designed to enhance user experience, streamline operations, and integrate seamlessly with existing systems, making it a powerful tool for differentiation in a crowded market.

For instance, a retail business might develop a custom inventory management system that integrates with their e-commerce platform, offering real-time updates and unique features tailored to their specific needs. This level of customization can set a business apart from competitors using generic solutions.

Evaluate budget constraints and timeline for implementation.

Budget constraints and implementation timelines are critical factors in the decision-making process. Bespoke solutions typically require a higher initial investment and longer development time compared to off-the-shelf products. Businesses must assess their financial capacity and urgency of needs before proceeding.

For example, if a company has a limited budget and needs a solution quickly, an off-the-shelf product may be the best choice. However, if the long-term benefits of a tailored solution justify the upfront costs, investing in bespoke development could yield greater returns over time.

Assess the scalability of both buying and selling options.

Scalability is another essential consideration. As businesses grow, their software needs may evolve. Off-the-shelf solutions can sometimes limit scalability, requiring additional purchases or upgrades that may not align with future business goals.

Bespoke solutions, on the other hand, can be designed with scalability in mind, allowing for the addition of new features and functionalities as the business expands. This flexibility ensures that the software can adapt to changing market conditions and business strategies.

Consider the integration capabilities with existing systems.

Integration capabilities are crucial for ensuring that new solutions work harmoniously with existing systems. Off-the-shelf products may offer limited integration options, leading to potential data silos and inefficiencies.

Bespoke solutions can be tailored to integrate seamlessly with your current technology stack, enhancing overall operational efficiency. For instance, a custom CRM system can be designed to pull data from various sources, providing a comprehensive view of customer interactions and streamlining workflows.

Analyse the long-term ROI of bespoke versus off-the-shelf solutions.

When evaluating the return on investment (ROI), it’s essential to consider both short-term and long-term benefits. Off-the-shelf solutions may appear cheaper initially, but hidden costs associated with licensing, upgrades, and inefficiencies can accumulate over time.

Bespoke solutions, while more expensive upfront, can lead to significant long-term savings by reducing operational inefficiencies and enhancing productivity. For example, a custom-built system that automates routine tasks can free up employee time for higher-value activities, ultimately improving profitability.

Weigh the immediate benefits of quick deployment against customisation.

Quick deployment is a significant advantage of off-the-shelf solutions, allowing businesses to start using the software almost immediately. However, this speed often comes at the expense of customisation.

In contrast, bespoke solutions require more time to develop but offer tailored functionalities that can better meet specific business needs. Companies must weigh the urgency of their requirements against the potential benefits of a customized solution.

Understand the trade-offs between cost and functionality.

Finally, understanding the trade-offs between cost and functionality is vital. Off-the-shelf solutions may be more affordable but often lack the specific features that a business requires. This can lead to compromises that affect overall performance and user satisfaction.

Bespoke solutions, while more costly, provide the opportunity to create a system that fully aligns with business objectives and user needs. This alignment can lead to enhanced efficiency, improved customer satisfaction, and ultimately, a stronger competitive position in the market.



Pros and cons of buying off.

Off-the-shelf solutions

When considering software solutions, off-the-shelf options present a compelling choice for many businesses. These solutions are pre-packaged and designed to cater to a broad audience, making them readily available and often easier to implement than bespoke alternatives. However, while they offer numerous advantages, they also come with certain limitations that businesses must weigh carefully.

Cost-effective with lower upfront investment.

One of the most significant benefits of off-the-shelf solutions is their cost-effectiveness. Typically, these products require a lower upfront investment compared to custom-built software. For businesses operating on tight budgets, this affordability can be a decisive factor. According to industry insights, many companies find that the initial costs associated with bespoke development can be prohibitive, making off-the-shelf solutions an attractive alternative.

Quick deployment allows for immediate use.

Another advantage is the speed of deployment. Off-the-shelf solutions can often be implemented almost immediately, allowing businesses to start using them right away. This rapid deployment is particularly beneficial for companies looking to address urgent needs or streamline operations without the lengthy development timelines associated with bespoke solutions.

Familiarity with common features eases user adoption.

Many off-the-shelf products come equipped with features that are widely recognised and used across various industries. This familiarity can ease the transition for employees, as they may already be accustomed to similar tools. Consequently, user adoption tends to be smoother, reducing the time and resources needed for training.

Limited customisation may not fit unique workflows.

On the downside, off-the-shelf solutions often lack the flexibility required to accommodate unique business workflows. Companies may find themselves needing to adapt their processes to fit the software, rather than the software adapting to their needs. This limitation can lead to inefficiencies and frustration among users who are accustomed to specific operational methods.

Compromise on specific functionalities may be necessary.

Furthermore, businesses may need to compromise on certain functionalities when opting for off-the-shelf solutions. While these products are designed to meet the needs of a broad market, they may not include all the features that a particular business requires. This can result in a gap between what the software offers and what the business truly needs to operate effectively.

Generic offerings may dilute competitive advantage.

Using off-the-shelf solutions can also dilute a company’s competitive advantage. If multiple competitors are using the same software, it becomes challenging to differentiate one’s offerings in the marketplace. Custom solutions, on the other hand, can provide unique functionalities that set a business apart from its competitors.

Extensive support often accompanies popular products.

Despite these drawbacks, one of the key benefits of off-the-shelf solutions is the extensive support that often comes with popular products. Many vendors provide comprehensive customer service, regular updates, and a community of users who can share tips and best practices. This level of support can be invaluable for businesses that may not have the resources to manage software issues independently.

Ideal for businesses with straightforward needs.

Ultimately, off-the-shelf solutions are ideal for businesses with straightforward needs that do not require extensive customization. For companies looking to implement a solution quickly and cost-effectively, these products can provide a solid foundation. However, as businesses grow and their needs evolve, they may find that off-the-shelf solutions no longer meet their requirements, prompting a reevaluation of their software strategy. As such, it is crucial for businesses to regularly assess their software solutions to ensure they align with their operational goals and market demands.



Pros and cons of selling bespoke solutions.

Offers a unique competitive edge tailored to specific needs.

One of the primary advantages of bespoke solutions is their ability to provide a unique competitive edge. Unlike off-the-shelf products, bespoke solutions are designed specifically to meet the unique requirements of a business, allowing for differentiation in a crowded market. This tailored approach can lead to enhanced customer satisfaction, as the solution is built around the specific workflows and challenges faced by the organisation.

For instance, a bespoke software solution can incorporate features that directly address the pain points of a business, making it more effective than generic alternatives. This level of customisation not only helps in standing out from competitors but also fosters brand loyalty among customers who appreciate the tailored experience.

Custom functionality aligns precisely with business goals.

Bespoke solutions are designed with the specific goals of a business in mind, ensuring that every feature and function aligns with the organisation’s objectives. This alignment is crucial for maximising efficiency and productivity, as the software can be tailored to support the exact processes that drive success.

For example, a retail business may require a custom inventory management system that integrates seamlessly with its e-commerce platform and point-of-sale systems. Such a bespoke solution can streamline operations, reduce errors, and ultimately lead to better business outcomes.

Long-term value through reduced inefficiencies.

Investing in bespoke solutions can yield significant long-term value by reducing inefficiencies that often plague off-the-shelf products. Custom solutions can automate processes, eliminate redundant tasks, and ensure that all systems work together harmoniously. This integration can lead to substantial cost savings over time.

Research indicates that businesses that implement bespoke solutions often experience a decrease in operational costs by as much as 30% due to improved efficiency and reduced manual intervention in processes[3]. This long-term value proposition makes bespoke solutions an attractive option for businesses looking to optimise their operations.

Higher upfront costs require careful financial planning.

On the downside, bespoke solutions typically come with higher upfront costs compared to off-the-shelf alternatives. The development process requires significant investment in terms of time and resources, which can be a barrier for many businesses, especially small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).

Companies must engage in careful financial planning to ensure that they can afford the initial investment and any ongoing costs associated with the development and maintenance of the bespoke solution. This financial commitment can be daunting, particularly for businesses with limited budgets.

Development time can delay immediate benefits.

Another consideration is the time required to develop bespoke solutions. The custom development process can take weeks or even months, delaying the immediate benefits that off-the-shelf solutions can provide. This can be particularly challenging for businesses that need to address urgent operational needs.

In practice, this means that while a bespoke solution may ultimately provide a better fit for the business, there may be a significant wait before the organisation can start reaping the benefits of the new system.

Ongoing maintenance and support costs must be considered.

While bespoke solutions offer tailored functionality, they also come with ongoing maintenance and support costs that businesses must factor into their budgets. Unlike off-the-shelf solutions, which often include support as part of the subscription, bespoke solutions may require dedicated IT resources or external support services to ensure they remain functional and up-to-date.

This ongoing commitment can add to the total cost of ownership and should be carefully considered when evaluating the feasibility of a bespoke solution.

Scalability ensures future growth aligns with business evolution.

Bespoke solutions are inherently more scalable than off-the-shelf products, as they can be designed to evolve alongside the business. As companies grow and their needs change, bespoke solutions can be modified and expanded to accommodate new requirements without the limitations often imposed by generic software.

This scalability is crucial for businesses aiming for long-term growth, as it allows them to adapt their systems to meet changing market conditions and customer demands.

Control over security architecture and feature updates.

Finally, bespoke solutions provide businesses with greater control over their security architecture and feature updates. With off-the-shelf products, companies often have to rely on the vendor to implement security measures and updates, which can pose risks if the vendor does not prioritise these aspects.

In contrast, bespoke solutions allow businesses to implement security protocols tailored to their specific needs, ensuring that sensitive data is protected. This level of control is particularly important in industries with stringent regulatory requirements, where compliance is critical.



Key considerations when deciding.

Analyse the complexity of your operational workflows.

Understanding the complexity of your operational workflows is crucial when deciding between off-the-shelf and bespoke solutions. If your processes are intricate or unique, a bespoke solution may be necessary to ensure that all aspects of your operations are effectively addressed. Off-the-shelf solutions often come with predefined functionalities that may not align with your specific needs, leading to inefficiencies.

For example, a business with complex inventory management needs may find that a generic software solution lacks the necessary features to handle their specific requirements. In such cases, investing in a tailored solution can streamline operations and enhance productivity.

Assess the competitive landscape for unique advantages.

In a competitive market, having a unique offering can set your business apart. A bespoke solution can provide a competitive edge by allowing you to develop features that are specifically designed to meet your customers’ needs, which off-the-shelf products may not offer. This differentiation can be crucial in attracting and retaining customers.

For instance, if your competitors are using similar off-the-shelf solutions, adopting a bespoke system can help you create a unique user experience that resonates with your target audience, potentially leading to increased market share.

Determine budget flexibility for initial and ongoing costs.

Budget considerations play a significant role in the decision-making process. Off-the-shelf solutions typically require lower initial investment, making them attractive for businesses with limited budgets. However, it’s essential to consider the long-term costs associated with licensing, upgrades, and potential inefficiencies.

On the other hand, bespoke solutions often involve higher upfront costs but can lead to significant savings over time by reducing operational inefficiencies and eliminating recurring licensing fees. Assessing your budget flexibility will help you make a more informed decision.

Evaluate the urgency of needs against long-term strategic goals.

When making a decision, it’s important to balance immediate needs with long-term strategic goals. If your business requires a quick solution to address urgent challenges, an off-the-shelf product may be the best choice. However, if you are looking to invest in a solution that aligns with your long-term vision, a bespoke approach may be more suitable.

For example, a startup may need to implement a solution quickly to enter the market, while an established company may prioritise a custom system that supports future growth and scalability.

Consider integration needs with current systems.

Integration capabilities are vital when choosing a software solution. Off-the-shelf products may not seamlessly integrate with your existing systems, leading to data silos and operational inefficiencies. In contrast, bespoke solutions can be designed to integrate with your current infrastructure, ensuring a cohesive technology ecosystem.

For instance, if your business relies on multiple software systems for different functions, a bespoke solution can facilitate data sharing and streamline processes across departments, enhancing overall efficiency.

Reflect on the potential for future scalability.

Scalability is another critical factor to consider. Off-the-shelf solutions may limit your ability to scale as your business grows, often requiring additional purchases or upgrades to accommodate increased demand. Bespoke solutions, however, can be designed with scalability in mind, allowing you to add features and functionalities as needed.

This adaptability ensures that your software can evolve alongside your business, reducing the need for costly overhauls in the future.

Weigh the importance of customisation versus standardisation.

Deciding between customisation and standardisation is a key consideration. Off-the-shelf solutions offer standardised features that may be suitable for many businesses but can lack the flexibility needed for unique operational requirements. Bespoke solutions, on the other hand, provide the opportunity for extensive customisation, allowing you to tailor the software to your specific needs.

However, it’s essential to evaluate whether the benefits of customisation outweigh the potential complexities and costs associated with developing a bespoke solution.

Make informed decisions based on thorough analysis.

Ultimately, making an informed decision requires a thorough analysis of your business needs, budget, and long-term goals. Engaging stakeholders in the decision-making process and conducting a comprehensive evaluation of available options can lead to a more strategic choice that aligns with your business objectives.

By carefully considering each of these factors, you can choose a solution that not only meets your current needs but also positions your business for future success.

 

References

Thank you for taking the time to read this article. Hopefully, this has provided you with insight to assist you with your business.

  1. Salytix. (n.d.). The origins of the famous sell me this pen prompt. Salytix. https://salytix.com/blog/tipsandtools/the-origins-of-the-famous-sell-me-this-pen-prompt

  2. Puri, G. (2024, May 14). How to answer “sell me this pen” (with sample answers). Naukri Blog. https://www.naukri.com/blog/how-to-answer-sell-me-this-pen/

  3. Sorcero. (2024, September 9). Build vs. buy vs. bespoke: Navigating AI solutions. Sorcero. https://www.sorcero.com/resources/blog/build-vs-buy-vs-bespoke-navigating-ai-solutions-in-medical-affairs

  4. Manchester Digital. (n.d.). Should you buy bespoke or off-the-shelf software? Manchester Digital. https://www.manchesterdigital.com/post/initforthe-ltd/should-you-buy-bespoke-or-off-the-shelf-software

  5. Solweb. (2024, November 14). Why you should consider bespoke software over off-the-shelf solutions. Solweb. https://www.solweb.co.uk/blog/why-you-should-consider-bespoke-software-over-off-the-shelf-solutions

  6. Full Fat Things. (n.d.). What is bespoke development and does my company need it? Full Fat Things. https://www.fullfatthings.com/insights/what-bespoke-development-and-does-my-company-need-it

  7. Dr Logic. (2025, July 22). Custom software vs off-the-shelf: Why bespoke solutions win for growing businesses. Dr Logic. https://drlogic.com/article/custom-software-vs-off-the-shelf-why-bespoke-solutions-win-for-growing-businesses

  8. Qwilr. (2024, June 27). Solution selling vs. product selling: Which is right for you? Qwilr. https://qwilr.com/blog/solution-selling-vs-product-selling/

  9. 18A Productions. (2024, June 4). Hosted solutions vs. bespoke development. 18A Productions. https://www.18aproductions.co.uk/2024/06/04/hosted-solutions-vs-bespoke-development-in-2023/

  10. Sugarcoat. (n.d.). Building your Online Business on the Right Foundations: Off the Shelf vs Bespoke. Sugarcoat. https://www.sugar-coat.io/articles/building-your-online-business-on-the-right-foundations-off-the-shelf-vs-bespoke


Luke Anthony Houghton

Founder & Digital Consultant

UX & UI Frontend Website Programmer | Brand & Social Media Manager | Graphic Designer & Digital Analyst

https://www.projektid.co/luke-anthony-houghton/
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